Portwine stainhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port-wine_stain
Portwine stain ni kubadilika rangi kwa ngozi ya binadamu kunakosababishwa na ulemavu wa kapilari kwenye ngozi. Wanaitwa hivyo kwa rangi yao, ambayo inafanana kwa rangi na divai ya bandari, divai nyekundu kutoka Ureno. Portwine stain ni kapilari malformation, kuonekana wakati wa kuzaliwa. Portwine stain huendelea maishani. Eneo la ngozi iliyoathiriwa hukua kwa uwiano wa ukuaji wa jumla.

Portwine stain hutokea mara nyingi kwenye uso lakini inaweza kuonekana popote kwenye mwili, hasa kwenye shingo, shina la juu, mikono na miguu. Madoa ya mapema kawaida huwa bapa na ya waridi. Mtoto anapokua, rangi inaweza kuwa nyekundu au rangi ya zambarau iliyokolea. Katika watu wazima, unene wa lesion au maendeleo ya uvimbe mdogo yanaweza kutokea.

○ Matibabu
Laser za mishipa ni nzuri kwa kiasi fulani, lakini zinahitaji vifaa vya gharama kubwa vya laser na matibabu ya muda mrefu kwa miaka kadhaa. Vidonda vinapokuwa vinene na umri, matibabu ya laser yanaweza kuwa duni, ambayo inaweza kuwa shida. Vidonda vya pink kwa ujumla ni vigumu zaidi kutibu kuliko vidonda vyekundu kwa sababu vina mishipa ya kina.
#Dye laser (e.g. V-beam)
☆ Katika matokeo ya 2022 ya Stiftung Warentest kutoka Ujerumani, kuridhika kwa watumiaji na ModelDerm kulikuwa chini kidogo kuliko na mashauriano ya matibabu ya simu yanayolipishwa.
  • Portwine stain inaweza kutibiwa kwa laser, lakini ni ghali na inachukua muda.
    References A retrospective 10 years‐ experience overview of dye laser treatments for vascular pathologies 37632184 
    NIH
    Flash-lamp pulsed dye laser (FPDL) sasa inatambulika kote kama leza sahihi zaidi inayopatikana kwa ajili ya kutibu matatizo ya kiwango cha juu cha mishipa. Katika utafiti huu, tulikusanya data iliyochukua muongo mmoja wa uzoefu kwa kutumia matibabu ya leza ya rangi kwa wagonjwa walio na hali mbalimbali za mishipa (telangiectasia, rhinophyma, port-wine stains, cherry and spider angiomas, and vascular tumors such as cherry angiomas, infantile hemangiomas, port wine stains, rhinophyma, spider angiomas, and telangiectasia) .
    The Flash‐lamp pulsed dye laser (FPDL) is nowadays considered the most precise laser currently on the market for treating superficial vascular lesions. In this study, we gathered data from 10 years of experience regarding dye laser treatment of patients presenting vascular malformations such as telangiectasia, rhinophyma, port‐wine stain, cherry and spider angioma and vascular tumours: cherry angioma, infantile haemangioma, port wine stain, rhinophyma, spider angioma, telangiectasia
     Nevus Flammeus 33085401 
    NIH
    Port-wine stain (PWS) pia inajulikana kama nevus flammeus. Ni rangi nyekundu au nyekundu kwenye ngozi ya mtoto inayosababishwa na mishipa ya damu isiyo ya kawaida. Huwapo wakati wa kuzaliwa na hukaa maisha yote, kwa kawaida huonekana usoni. Ni muhimu kuitofautisha na kiraka cha nevus simplex au lax, ambacho hufifia kwa muda.
    Nevus flammeus or port-wine stain (PWS) is a non-neoplastic congenital dermal capillary hamartomatous malformation presenting as a pink or red patch on a newborn's skin. It is a congenital skin condition that can affect any part of the body and persists throughout life. The nevus flammeus is a well-defined, often unilateral, bilateral, or centrally positioned pink to red patch that appears on the face at birth and is made up of distorted capillary-like vessels. It needs to be differentiated from a nevus simplex/salmon patch, which is usually seen along the midline and disappears over time. An acquired port-wine stain, clinically and histopathologically indistinguishable from congenital capillary malformation, has been reported to develop in adolescents or adults, usually following trauma.
     Consensus Statement for the Management and Treatment of Port-Wine Birthmarks in Sturge-Weber syndrome 33175124 
    NIH
    Kutibu PWS ni muhimu ili kupunguza athari zake kwa afya ya akili na kupunguza nodularity na upanuzi wa tishu. Kuanza matibabu mapema kunaweza kusababisha matokeo bora. Pulsed dye laser (PDL) inachukuliwa sana kuwa chaguo bora kwa aina zote za PWS, bila kujali saizi yao, iko wapi, au rangi yao.
    Treatment of PWB is indicated to minimize psychosocial impact and diminish nodularity, and potentially tissue hypertrophy. Better outcomes may be attained if treatments are started at an earlier age. In the United States, pulsed dye laser (PDL) is the gold standard for all PWB regardless of the lesion size, location, or color. When performed by experienced physicians, laser treatment can be performed safely on patients of all ages. The choice of using general anesthesia in young patients is a complex decision which must be considered on a case by case basis.